What a used K4 costs

What each model year costs

Three numbers per year: the cheap end, the middle and the dear end. The gap between them is the useful part — it tells you whether the year has a clear market price or whether condition decides everything.

A spread near 1.5× means the market agrees what the car is worth. Past 3× it usually means the sample mixes tidy examples with tired ones — and that a careful buyer can do well.

Dealer or private seller

Both figures are measured against the median for the same model year, so age is taken out of the comparison — this is the forecourt markup on its own.

How we count

Every figure comes from live classified listings — asking prices, not sale prices. Sellers ask more than they get, so treat these as the top of the range, not the bottom.

Why the percentages, and not plain averages. This is the part worth explaining, because getting it wrong produces confident nonsense. Take a naive average price per state and you learn that this car costs four times more in Alabama than Indiana — which is false. What actually happened is that Indiana's listings were older cars. Do the same by title and you get the absurd result that rebuilt cars sell for more than clean ones, because the rebuilt ones in the sample happened to be newer.

So we never average prices across a slice. Each listing is first converted into its ratio against the median for its own model year, and those ratios are averaged instead. «Fifteen percent below median» then means what it says, and holds up whichever years the slice happens to contain.

Slices with too few listings are dropped rather than shown with a wide error bar — a percentage built on eight cars is decoration, not data.